Kidney beans are one of the many varieties of common beans. These common beans, scientifically known as 'Phaseolus vulgaris', are annual plants that are cultivated throughout the world for their edible beans. Kidney beans are red in color and have a shape quite similar to that of a human kidney. Their ability to absorb the flavors of the seasoning used in food make it them ideal for cooking simmered dishes. Beans are full of protein, fibres, minerals and less fat.